In which of the following situations will a current-carrying conductor experience maximum force in a magnetic field?
When the conductor is placed perpendicular to the magnetic field lines
The force on a straight conductor of length L carrying a current I in a uniform magnetic field B is \(F = BIL\sin\theta\), where \(\theta\) is the angle between the conductor (direction of current) and the magnetic field.
Since \(\sin\theta\) has its largest value, 1, at \(\theta = 90^{\circ}\), the force is maximum, \(F = BIL\), when the conductor is perpendicular to the magnetic field lines. Its direction is then given by Fleming's left-hand rule.
With no current, I = 0, so there is no force at all. At an angle less than 90°, \(\sin\theta\) is less than 1, so the force is smaller than the maximum. When the conductor is parallel to the field lines, \(\theta = 0^{\circ}\) and \(\sin 0^{\circ} = 0\), so the force is zero.
Hence, When the conductor is placed perpendicular to the magnetic field lines.
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