The correct answer is Cretinism.

  Key Points

• Cretinism:-
  • It is a severe form of iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) that can cause irreversible physical and mental retardation.
  • Cretinism is most commonly caused by iodine deficiency during pregnancy and early infancy.
  • Iodine is a trace element that is essential for the production of thyroid hormones.
  • Thyroid hormones are important for the normal development of the brain and nervous system.
  • If a pregnant woman or a young child does not get enough iodine, it can lead to a deficiency of thyroid hormones, which can cause cretinism.
  • Symptoms of cretinism can include:-
    • Severe mental retardation
    • Stunted growth
    • Deafness
    • Mutism
    • Spasticity
    • Goiter (enlarged thyroid gland)

  Additional Information

• Preeclampsia:-
  • It is a pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure and protein in the urine after 20 weeks of pregnancy.
  • It can lead to serious health problems for both mother and baby, including seizures, liver and kidney damage, and premature birth.
• Toxoplasmosis:-
  • It is an infection caused by a parasite called Toxoplasma gondii.
  • It can be spread through contact with infected cats or their feces, contaminated meat, or unwashed fruits and vegetables.
  • While most people who are infected with Toxoplasma gondii never experience any symptoms, it can cause serious birth defects if a woman is infected during pregnancy.
• Syphilis:-
  • It is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum.
  • It can be spread through contact with open sores on the skin or mucous membranes.
  • While syphilis can be cured with antibiotics, it can cause serious birth defects if a woman is infected during pregnancy.