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In animal cell culture, sodium bicarbonate is added in culture media to:

This question was previously asked in
CUET PG 2026 Agri-Business Management Question Paper (25-Mar-2026) (Shift 2)
The correct answer is
Maintain the correct pH.

Cell Culture: Sodium Bicarbonate for pH Control

Sodium bicarbonate ($NaHCO_3$) is a standard component added to animal cell culture media primarily to regulate the pH.

Role in pH Maintenance

  • Cell culture media require a stable pH, typically around 7.2 to 7.4, for optimal cell function and survival.
  • Sodium bicarbonate acts as part of a bicarbonate buffer system, working in conjunction with dissolved carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) from the air or incubator atmosphere.
  • This system neutralizes acids or bases produced during cell metabolism, preventing drastic pH shifts.
  • A stable pH ensures proper enzyme activity and cellular processes.

Addressing Other Options

  • Aeration: Gas exchange ($O_2$/$CO_2$) is managed through incubator settings and media surface area, not bicarbonate concentration.
  • Iron Uptake: While iron is necessary, its availability and uptake are influenced by chelators and specific media composition, not primarily by bicarbonate.
  • Cell Adhesion: Adherence to plastic surfaces is typically facilitated by the surface treatment of the culture dish and components like serum, not by sodium bicarbonate.
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