How is a voltmeter connected in a circuit to measure potential difference?
In parallel across the points where potential difference is to be measured
The correct answer is Option 3: In parallel across the points where potential difference is to be measured.
A voltmeter is an instrument used to measure the potential difference (voltage) between two points in an electrical circuit. To accurately measure the voltage, a voltmeter must be connected in parallel across the component or points where you want to measure the potential difference.
Connecting it in series (Option 1) would significantly alter the circuit's current and provide an inaccurate voltage reading. The voltmeter has a very high internal resistance; if connected in series, it would drastically reduce the current flow, preventing a proper measurement. Option 2 is incorrect because it doesn't describe a functional method of measuring voltage. Option 4 is also incorrect because it limits the measurement to only the power source, ignoring the potential difference across other parts of the circuit.
In summary, a voltmeter's high resistance allows it to measure voltage without significantly affecting the circuit's current. The parallel connection ensures that the same potential difference exists across both the voltmeter and the component being measured.
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