How did Aurobindo Ghosh contribute to the extremist phase of the Indian national movement?
Promoting passive resistance and boycott by linking nationalism with spiritual ideals
Aurobindo Ghosh was one of the foremost leaders of the Extremist (Assertive) school within the Indian National Congress during the early 20th century.
He championed Swaraj, Swadeshi, Boycott, and national education as the four planks of the extremist programme.
Crucially, Aurobindo fused nationalism with Hindu spiritual philosophy, arguing that the freedom struggle was a sacred duty (dharma) — a perspective elaborated in his journals Yugantar and Karmayogin.
He advocated passive resistance and the boycott of British goods rather than armed revolution, peasant agitation, or constitutional petitioning — making option 1, 2, and 4 incorrect descriptions of his approach.
Hence, Aurobindo Ghosh contributed by promoting passive resistance and boycott by linking nationalism with spiritual ideals.
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