How and to what extent would micro-irrigation help in solving India's water crisis?
Micro-irrigation, encompassing drip and sprinkler systems, is a powerful tool for tackling India's severe water crisis by promoting a "per drop, more crop" approach.
It helps by delivering water directly to the plant's root zone, which drastically reduces water loss through evaporation and runoff, common in flood irrigation. This can lead to water savings of up to 70%. This efficiency not only conserves water but also reduces electricity consumption for pumping groundwater. Furthermore, it improves fertilizer use efficiency as they can be mixed with water (fertigation), preventing groundwater contamination.
To a great extent, micro-irrigation can solve the crisis. India has immense potential, with less than 20% of its irrigated area currently under it. However, its full impact is limited by challenges like high initial installation costs for small farmers, lack of technical know-how for maintenance, and issues with water quality clogging the systems.
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Important Questions from GS3
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