Explain briefly the role of Peasant Movements after 1857 and before independence.
Peasant movements after 1857 reflected rural discontent against exploitative agrarian structures. While the Revolt of 1857 had strong peasant participation, subsequent uprisings were more localized and issue-based. Early revolts like the Indigo Revolt (1859–60) in Bengal challenged oppressive plantation systems. The Deccan Riots (1875) highlighted resentment against moneylenders. Movements such as the Moplah rebellion (1921) and Bardoli Satyagraha (1928) were more organized and linked to the nationalist struggle.
During Gandhian mass movements, peasants became a decisive force—Champaran (1917) against indigo planters, Kheda (1918), and Bardoli under Sardar Patel gave agrarian struggles a national dimension. These movements not only mobilized rural masses but also exposed exploitative zamindari and colonial policies. By merging economic grievances with the freedom struggle, peasant movements helped democratize nationalism and laid the foundation for post-independence agrarian reforms.
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