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Explain the Philosophical approach to the study of Political theory. 

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CSE 2025 (Prelims) CSAT Official Paper (25-May-2025)

The philosophical approach to political theory deals with the normative and moral foundations of politics. It goes beyond empirical analysis and asks questions about justice, rights, liberty, equality, and the ideal state. Thinkers from Plato to Rawls have used this method to explore what “ought to be” rather than merely “what is.” This approach provides coherence to political life by setting guiding principles for law, governance, and social order. It helps in evaluating the legitimacy of power and authority. Unlike scientific or historical approaches, it is speculative and abstract, but essential in framing the ethical dimension of political life. Despite criticism of being utopian, it continues to shape constitutional values and human rights discourses.

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