Understanding Active and Passive Voice Transformation

The question asks us to convert a sentence from active voice to passive voice. The original sentence is: Sanyukta has to bake fifty-one cakes for the anniversary party.

Let's first understand the structure of the given active voice sentence.

• Subject: Sanyukta
• Verb phrase: has to bake
• Object: fifty-one cakes
• Rest of the sentence: for the anniversary party

The verb phrase "has to bake" uses the structure 'has/have + to + base form of verb'. This structure is used to express obligation or necessity in the present tense. To convert a sentence with this structure into passive voice, we follow a specific pattern:

Active Voice Structure: Subject + has/have + to + Verb (base form) + Object

Passive Voice Structure: Object + has/have + to + be + Verb (past participle) + by + Subject

Note that the form of 'has/have' in the passive structure depends on the new subject (which was the object in the active sentence).

Step-by-Step Passive Voice Conversion

Let's apply the passive voice conversion rule to our sentence:

1. Identify the object of the active sentence: "fifty-one cakes". This becomes the new subject in the passive voice.
2. Identify the verb phrase: "has to bake".
3. Transform the verb phrase into the passive form: 'has/have + to + be + past participle'. The new subject is "fifty-one cakes", which is plural. Therefore, we use 'have' instead of 'has'. The past participle of 'bake' is 'baked'. So, "has to bake" becomes "have to be baked".
4. Identify the subject of the active sentence: "Sanyukta". This becomes the agent in the passive voice, introduced by 'by'.
5. Add the rest of the sentence: "for the anniversary party".

Combining these parts, the passive voice sentence is: Fifty-one cakes have to be baked by Sanyukta for the anniversary party.

Analyzing the Options for Passive Voice

Now let's look at the provided options and see which one matches our derived passive voice sentence:

• Option 1: Fifty-one cakes will be baked by Sanyukta for the anniversary party.

  This option uses "will be baked", which is the passive form of the simple future tense ('will bake'). This changes the meaning and tense of the original sentence ('has to bake' implies obligation, not just future action). Incorrect.

• Option 2: Fifty-one cakes had to be baken by Sanyukta for the anniversary party.

  This option uses "had to be baken". 'had to be' is the passive form of the past obligation ('had to bake'). This changes the tense from present obligation to past obligation. Also, "baken" is not the correct past participle of 'bake'; it should be 'baked'. Incorrect.

• Option 3: Fifty-one cakes have to be baked by Sanyukta for the anniversary party.

  This option uses "have to be baked". The new subject "Fifty-one cakes" is plural, correctly requiring 'have'. 'to be baked' is the correct passive form of 'to bake'. This correctly transforms the active voice structure 'has to bake' while retaining the meaning of present obligation. Correct.

• Option 4: Fifty-one cakes has to be baked by Sanyukta for the anniversary party.

  This option uses "has to be baked". The new subject "Fifty-one cakes" is plural. Plural subjects require 'have', not 'has', when used with 'to + verb'. So, 'has to be baked' is grammatically incorrect with a plural subject. Incorrect.

Based on the analysis, Option 3 correctly expresses the given sentence in the passive voice.

Revision Table: Key Passive Voice Rules

Additional Information on Voice Change

Changing the voice of a sentence means changing whether the subject performs the action (active voice) or is acted upon (passive voice). This is a key concept in English grammar.

• Active Voice: Focuses on the doer of the action (the subject). It is generally more direct and dynamic.
• Passive Voice: Focuses on the action and the receiver of the action (the object). The doer is often less important, unknown, or omitted. The passive voice is formed using a form of the verb 'to be' followed by the past participle of the main verb.

Using 'has/have + to + verb' indicates necessity or obligation. Converting this structure to passive voice requires careful attention to the form of 'has/have' which must agree with the new subject (the original object) and the inclusion of 'be' before the past participle (V3).

For example:

• Active: They have to finish the project. (Subject: They, Object: the project)
• Passive: The project has to be finished by them. (New Subject: The project (singular), so 'has to be finished')

In our question, the original subject 'Sanyukta' is singular, so 'has to bake' is used. However, the new subject 'fifty-one cakes' is plural, requiring 'have to be baked' in the passive voice.