Understanding Active and Passive Voice Conversion

The question asks us to convert a sentence from passive voice to active voice. The original sentence is "Has Rahul been declared fit to play the next match?". This sentence is in the passive voice of the present perfect tense.

Let's break down the passive voice sentence:

• The subject is "Rahul". Rahul is receiving the action (being declared fit).
• The verb phrase is "has been declared". This shows the tense (present perfect) and voice (passive).
• The agent performing the action (who declared Rahul fit) is not explicitly mentioned. In such cases, the agent is often a general pronoun like "they", "someone", or "somebody".

Converting Present Perfect Passive to Active Voice

The general structure for the present perfect passive voice is: Subject + has/have + been + past participle (by Agent).

The general structure for the present perfect active voice is: Agent + has/have + past participle + Object.

When converting an interrogative (question) sentence from passive to active voice, we need to maintain the question form and the original tense. The implied agent becomes the subject, and the passive subject becomes the object.

For a present perfect interrogative sentence:

• Passive: Has/Have + Subject + been + Past Participle + ...? (by Agent)
• Active: Has/Have + Agent + Past Participle + Object + ...?

In our sentence, "Has Rahul been declared fit to play the next match?":

• Passive Subject: Rahul
• Verb: has been declared (Present Perfect Passive)
• Implied Agent: they (based on common usage and the options provided)
• Rest of the sentence: fit to play the next match

To convert this to active voice with "they" as the agent:

• The subject will be "they".
• The tense must remain present perfect interrogative. The auxiliary verb for "they" is "Have".
• The main verb is the past participle "declared".
• The object is the original passive subject, "Rahul".
• The rest of the sentence follows the object.

So, the active voice structure will be: Have + they + declared + Rahul + fit to play the next match?

Analyzing the Options for Active Voice

Let's evaluate the given options to find the correct active voice conversion of "Has Rahul been declared fit to play the next match?":

1. <span>Did they declare Rahul fit to play the next match?</span>

   This sentence is in the simple past tense ("Did they declare"). The original sentence is in the present perfect tense ("Has Rahul been declared"). Converting voice requires keeping the tense the same. Therefore, this option is incorrect.

2. <span>Has Rahul declared the next match fit to play?</span>

   This sentence changes the subject from the implied agent to "Rahul" and makes "the next match" the object of "declared". This fundamentally alters the meaning of the original sentence, where Rahul is the one being declared fit, not doing the declaring. Therefore, this option is incorrect.

3. <span>Have they declared Rahul fit to play the next match?</span>

   This sentence uses "they" as the subject, "Have declared" as the present perfect active verb, and "Rahul" as the object. This matches the structure and tense required for converting the original present perfect passive sentence to active voice. This option correctly represents the question in active voice.

4. <span>Are they declaring Rahul fit to play the next match?</span>

   This sentence is in the present continuous tense ("Are they declaring"). The original sentence is in the present perfect tense. Converting voice requires keeping the tense the same. Therefore, this option is incorrect.

Based on the analysis, the option that correctly expresses the given passive voice sentence in active voice, maintaining the present perfect tense and interrogative form, is option 3.

Revision Table: Active vs. Passive Voice

Additional Information on Active and Passive Voice

Active and passive voice are two ways of structuring sentences based on whether the subject performs or receives the action. Understanding how to convert between them is crucial for varying sentence structure and emphasis in writing.

• Active Voice: Generally preferred in writing as it is more direct, clear, and concise. The subject performs the action expressed by the verb. Example: The committee approved the proposal. (The committee is the doer).
• Passive Voice: Useful when the action is more important than the doer, when the doer is unknown, or when you want to avoid mentioning the doer. Example: The proposal was approved by the committee. (The proposal received the action; the doer, the committee, is mentioned after "by").

When converting from passive to active, identify the agent (often in a "by phrase" or implied), make it the new subject, move the old subject to the object position, and adjust the verb tense accordingly.

When converting from active to passive, make the object the new subject, add the appropriate form of "be" and the past participle of the main verb, and optionally include the original subject in a "by phrase".