Describe important Lower Gondwana plant fossils with the help of neat diagrams and comment on their palaeobiogeographic significance.
The Lower Gondwana succession in India, spanning the Late Carboniferous to Early Triassic, is characterized by a distinctive flora known as the Glossopteris flora. These plant fossils are not only important for dating but also hold immense palaeobiogeographic significance.
Important Lower Gondwana Plant Fossils :





Palaeobiogeographic Significance:
The widespread distribution of the Glossopteris flora across present-day continents – India, Australia, Antarctica, South Africa, and South America – provided crucial evidence for Alfred Wegener's theory of continental drift and later, plate tectonics. This identical, distinctive flora could only be explained if these landmasses were once connected as part of a supercontinent, Gondwanaland. Their presence indicated a unified landmass existing in higher southern latitudes during the Permo-Carboniferous, experiencing cool, moist, temperate conditions, further supporting their shared past and subsequent fragmentation and dispersal. This fossil evidence was pivotal in reconstructing ancient land configurations and understanding Earth's dynamic geological history.
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