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Question

Write short notes in 150 words:
Metagenesis

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CSE 2025 (Prelims) CSAT Official Paper (25-May-2025)

Metagenesis, also known as alternation of generations, refers to a fascinating biological phenomenon where an organism alternates between two distinct reproductive phases—one sexual and one asexual—within its life cycle. Unlike simple changes in reproductive modes, this process involves the formation of entirely different morphological stages that function in contrasting ways. A well-studied example occurs in cnidarians such as jellyfish (Aurelia). In this case, the sessile polyp stage reproduces asexually, producing tiny medusae through budding. These medusae grow into free-swimming adults that reproduce sexually, releasing gametes into the water. Fertilization leads to the development of a larva, which eventually settles and transforms into a polyp, thereby restarting the cycle. This alternation is ecologically advantageous, as it allows the species to exploit both benthic and pelagic habitats while combining the benefits of rapid clonal multiplication with the genetic variation generated by sexual reproduction, ensuring better adaptability and survival.

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