Choose the correct pair from the following options.
First Five-Year Plan – Focus on Agriculture
The First Five-Year Plan did focus on agriculture — option 4, and it is the only pair correctly matched.
| Plan | Years | Focus | Model |
|---|---|---|---|
| First | 1951–56 | Agriculture, irrigation and power — a response to the food shortage and the dislocation of Partition | Harrod-Domar |
| Second | 1956–61 | Heavy industry — the steel plants at Bhilai, Rourkela and Durgapur | Mahalanobis |
| Third | 1961–66 | Self-reliance and a balance of agriculture and industry; wrecked by the wars of 1962 and 1965 and by drought | Gadgil |
| Fourth | 1969–74 | “Growth with stability” and self-reliance; nationalisation of banks and the Green Revolution | — |
| Fifth | 1974–79 | Garibi Hatao — poverty removal and employment | — |
Why each wrong pair is wrong. Option 1 attaches services to the Fourth Plan, but the services era belongs to the 1990s and after, not to 1969-74. Option 2 gives industry to the Fifth Plan, whereas heavy industry was the theme of the Second. Option 3 is doubly wrong: there was no “Third-Year Plan” — the plans were of five years — and globalisation came with the reforms of 1991, in the period of the Eighth Plan, three decades after the Third.
Why the First Plan looked to agriculture. India in 1951 was importing food, had lost the canal-irrigated wheat lands of west Punjab at Partition, and had suffered the Bengal famine only eight years earlier. Raising food output came first, and the Plan built the great multipurpose river valley projects — Bhakra Nangal, Hirakud, Damodar Valley. It was the only plan comfortably to exceed its target, growing at 3·6 per cent against a target of 2·1.
The framework. The Planning Commission was set up in 1950 and the National Development Council in 1952; the Twelfth Plan, 2012-17, was the last, and NITI Aayog replaced the Commission in 2015.
Hence, the answer is First Five-Year Plan – Focus on Agriculture.
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