Choose the correct experimental circuit arrangement for studying V-I characteristics of a p-n junction diode in forward bias:

In forward bias, the p-side of the diode is connected to the positive terminal of the power supply, and the n-side is connected to the negative terminal. This reduces the potential barrier, allowing current to flow. The correct experimental setup ensures proper voltage and current measurement using an ammeter and a voltmeter. In option (c), the circuit correctly connects the diode in forward bias with appropriate measuring instruments, making it the correct answer.
If the forward voltage in a p-n junction diode is increased, the width of the depletion region:
Two identical thin metal plates are given charges q1 and q2 (q2 < q1) respectively. If they are now brought close together to form a parallel plate capacitor with a capacitance 'C', then the potential difference between the plates is:
Displacement current (id) = ω0 dΦE / dt. Where symbols have their usual meanings. Which of the following options gives correct equation for displacement current?
A Zener diode is used in a voltage regulator circuit as shown below. Its breakdown voltage is 15 V. What is the current flowing through the Zener diode?

During the p-n junction formation, when an electron diffuses from n → p, it leaves behind an: