At which one of the following Sessions of the Indian National Congress was the resolution on Fundamental Rights and Economic Policy passed?
Karachi Session
Understanding the Key Indian National Congress Sessions
The question asks about a specific session of the Indian National Congress where resolutions on Fundamental Rights and Economic Policy were adopted. The Indian National Congress held various sessions throughout the freedom struggle, and each session often discussed and passed important resolutions shaping the direction of the independence movement and the future of India.
Analyzing the Options for the Historic Session
Let's look at the sessions mentioned in the options:
Tripuri Session (1939)
The Tripuri Session is famous for the crisis related to the election of the Congress President. Subhas Chandra Bose was re-elected but had differences with Mahatma Gandhi, leading to Bose's resignation and the formation of the Forward Bloc. This session did not focus primarily on drafting fundamental rights or detailed economic policies for a future India.
Lahore Session (1929)
The Lahore Session, presided over by Jawaharlal Nehru, was historically significant because the resolution for 'Poorna Swaraj' (complete independence) was passed here. It was decided that 26th January would be celebrated as Independence Day. While a landmark session for demanding full independence, it was not the session where the comprehensive resolution on Fundamental Rights and Economic Policy was adopted.
Lucknow Session (1916)
The Lucknow Session is notable for the reunion of the moderate and extremist factions of the Congress and the signing of the Lucknow Pact between the Congress and the Muslim League. This session was crucial for Hindu-Muslim unity during that period and organizational matters but did not focus on detailed resolutions regarding fundamental rights or economic policy for a future state.
Karachi Session (1931): The Resolution on Fundamental Rights and Economic Policy
The Karachi Session of the Indian National Congress, held in March 1931, was presided over by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel. This session took place shortly after the Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed, and Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, and Rajguru were executed. Amidst this charged atmosphere, the Congress passed two main resolutions:
- A resolution endorsing the Gandhi-Irwin Pact (though it was controversial due to the executions).
- A landmark resolution on Fundamental Rights and Economic Programme.
This resolution was quite detailed and envisioned the socio-economic structure of independent India. It included provisions like:
- Basic civil liberties (freedom of speech, press, assembly).
- Equality before the law.
- Protection of culture, language, and script of minorities.
- Right to form associations.
- Universal adult franchise.
- State ownership or control of key industries.
- Labour rights (minimum wages, trade unions).
- Abolition of untouchability.
- Right to free and compulsory primary education.
Jawaharlal Nehru is often credited with drafting the economic policy part of this resolution, reflecting a socialist leaning. The Karachi Resolution was the first time the Congress clearly defined what 'Swaraj' would mean for the common people in terms of rights and economic structure.
Conclusion: Identifying the Correct Session
Based on the analysis, the resolution on Fundamental Rights and Economic Policy was passed at the Karachi Session of the Indian National Congress in 1931.
Revision Table: Key Indian National Congress Sessions
| Session | Year | Location | President | Key Significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lucknow | 1916 | Lucknow | Ambica Charan Mazumdar | Congress-Muslim League Pact, Reunion of Moderates and Extremists |
| Lahore | 1929 | Lahore | Jawaharlal Nehru | Resolution for Poorna Swaraj (Complete Independence) |
| Karachi | 1931 | Karachi | Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel | Resolution on Fundamental Rights and Economic Programme, Endorsed Gandhi-Irwin Pact |
| Tripuri | 1939 | Tripuri (Jabalpur) | Subhas Chandra Bose | Presidential crisis, Subhas Chandra Bose's resignation |
Additional Information: The Karachi Resolution on Rights and Economy
The Karachi Resolution of 1931 is considered a significant document as it outlined the social and economic vision of the Indian National Congress for independent India. It was more than just a political demand; it was a blueprint for a future society. The emphasis on fundamental rights ensured individual liberties, while the economic program highlighted the state's role in ensuring social justice and economic equality. This resolution influenced the drafting of the Constitution of India later on, particularly the Directive Principles of State Policy and the Fundamental Rights chapter.
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