Arrange the following countries in descending order as per the Global Human Development Index, 2019 : 1. Germany
2. the USA
3. South Africa
4.India
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
1, 2, 3, .4
Understanding Global Human Development Index (HDI) and Country Ranking
The question asks us to arrange four countries based on their Global Human Development Index (HDI) ranking in 2019, from highest HDI to lowest HDI (descending order). The Human Development Index is a summary measure of average achievement in key dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life, being knowledgeable, and a decent standard of living. It is calculated by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
To solve this, we need to know the HDI values or ranks for Germany, the USA, South Africa, and India for the year 2019.
2019 Human Development Index Data
Based on the Human Development Report 2020, which covers 2019 data, the HDI and ranks for these countries were:
| Country | Code | 2019 HDI Value | 2019 HDI Rank |
|---|---|---|---|
| Germany | 1 | 0.942 | 6 |
| the USA | 2 | 0.926 | 17 |
| South Africa | 3 | 0.709 | 114 |
| India | 4 | 0.645 | 131 |
Note: A higher HDI value indicates higher human development.
Arranging Countries in Descending HDI Order (2019)
We need to arrange the countries from the highest HDI value to the lowest HDI value:
- Germany: HDI 0.942 (Rank 6)
- the USA: HDI 0.926 (Rank 17)
- South Africa: HDI 0.709 (Rank 114)
- India: HDI 0.645 (Rank 131)
Comparing the HDI values, the descending order is:
Germany (\(0.942\)) > the USA (\(0.926\)) > South Africa (\(0.709\)) > India (\(0.645\))
Using the codes assigned in the question (1 for Germany, 2 for the USA, 3 for South Africa, 4 for India), the order is 1, 2, 3, 4.
Matching the Order with Options
Let's check the given options:
- Option 1: 1, 2, 3, 4 (Germany, the USA, South Africa, India)
- Option 2: 1, 3, 2, 4 (Germany, South Africa, the USA, India)
- Option 3: 3, 2, 1, 4 (South Africa, the USA, Germany, India)
- Option 4: 4, 3, 2, 1 (India, South Africa, the USA, Germany)
Our calculated descending order based on 2019 HDI is 1, 2, 3, 4. This matches Option 1.
Final Human Development Index Ranking
The countries arranged in descending order as per the Global Human Development Index, 2019 are:
- Germany (Highest HDI)
- the USA
- South Africa
- India (Lowest HDI)
This corresponds to the code sequence 1, 2, 3, 4.
Revision Table: Key HDI Concepts
| Concept | Description | Components |
|---|---|---|
| Human Development Index (HDI) | A composite statistic used to rank countries by level of human development. | Long and healthy life (Life Expectancy), Knowledge (Education), Decent standard of living (GNI per capita) |
| Rank | Position of a country relative to others based on its HDI value. Lower rank means higher development. | Calculated based on comparing a country's HDI value to all other countries in the index. |
| Descending Order | Arranging items from highest value to lowest value. | In this context, from the country with the highest HDI value to the country with the lowest HDI value. |
Additional Information on Human Development
The Human Development Index (HDI) provides a broader picture of development than just economic growth (like GDP). It emphasizes that people and their capabilities should be the ultimate criteria for assessing the development of a country, not economic growth alone.
- Life Expectancy at Birth: Reflects the health and longevity of a population.
- Education: Measured by mean years of schooling for adults and expected years of schooling for children.
- Gross National Income (GNI) per Capita: Represents the standard of living, adjusted for purchasing power parity.
The HDI is classified into four tiers:
- Very High Human Development
- High Human Development
- Medium Human Development
- Low Human Development
In 2019, Germany and the USA were in the 'Very High Human Development' category, South Africa was in the 'High Human Development' category, and India was in the 'Medium Human Development' category.
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