Understanding the Parliament of India according to Article 79

The question asks us to identify which of the listed entities are described as parts of the Parliament of India according to Article 79 of the Constitution of India. Let's examine the components mentioned:

1. The House of the People (Lok Sabha)
2. The Council of States (Rajya Sabha)
3. The President of India

Analysis of Article 79 of the Indian Constitution

Article 79 of the Constitution of India explicitly defines the composition of the Parliament. It states:

"Constitution of Parliament.—There shall be a Parliament for the Union which shall consist of the President and two Houses to be known respectively as the Council of States and the House of the People."

This article clearly lays down that the Parliament of the Union is constituted by three integral parts:

• The President of India
• The Council of States (Rajya Sabha)
• The House of the People (Lok Sabha)

Evaluating the Given Components

Based on the text of Article 79:

• The House of the People (Lok Sabha): Article 79 explicitly mentions the House of the People as a part of the Parliament.
• The Council of States (Rajya Sabha): Article 79 explicitly mentions the Council of States as a part of the Parliament.
• The President of India: Article 79 explicitly mentions the President as a part of the Parliament.

Therefore, all three components listed in the question are indeed parts of the Parliament of India as defined by Article 79.

Conclusion on Parliament Composition

According to Article 79 of the Indian Constitution, the Parliament consists of the President, the Council of States (Rajya Sabha), and the House of the People (Lok Sabha). All three are essential components of the Union Parliament.

Let's look at the options provided in the question:

• 1. 1 only (The House of the People) - Incorrect, as President and Council of States are also parts.
• 2. 1 and 2 only (The House of the People and The Council of States) - Incorrect, as the President is also a part.
• 3. 2 and 3 only (The Council of States and The President of India) - Incorrect, as the House of the People is also a part.
• 4. 1, 2 and 3 (The House of the People, The Council of States and The President of India) - Correct, as all three are explicitly mentioned in Article 79.

Thus, the correct answer is that all three – The House of the People, The Council of States, and The President of India – are described as parts of the Parliament of India according to Article 79 of the Constitution.

Revision Table: Parliament Components

Additional Information: Roles of Parliament Components

While the legislative power is primarily vested in the two Houses (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha), the President is an integral part of the Parliament because:

• No Bill passed by both Houses can become a law without the President's assent.
• The President has the power to summon and prorogue the Houses or dissolve the Lok Sabha.
• The President addresses both Houses of Parliament.
• The President promulgates Ordinances when Parliament is not in session.

This clearly shows that the President's role is crucial for the functioning of the Parliament and the legislative process, making the President an essential component alongside the two Houses.