Squinch Analysis in Dome Construction

This solution analyzes two statements, P and Q, regarding the architectural term 'Squinch', often used in dome construction.

Statement P Evaluation

• Statement P: Squinch is a structural element used to support the base of a circular or octagonal dome that surmounts a square hall.
• Analysis: A squinch is correctly defined as a structure that bridges the upper corners of a square bay, facilitating the transition to an octagonal or circular base required for supporting a dome. Therefore, statement P is accurate.
• Result: P is true.

Statement Q Evaluation

• Statement Q: Squinch is a double-layered dome comprising of an inner and an outer layer of masonry.
• Analysis: This statement describes a double-shelled dome, a different architectural feature. A squinch is a transitional structural element at the base, not the dome itself, and it is typically a single unit (like arches or lintels across corners), not a double-layered structure. Therefore, statement Q is incorrect.
• Result: Q is false.

Conclusion

Based on the analysis, statement P is true, and statement Q is false. This corresponds to Option B.