Which technology is increasingly being used for real-time Air Quality Index (AQI) monitoring in urban areas?
Remote sensing and satellite data
Remote sensing and satellite data is correct.
Real-time air quality monitoring over a whole city needs continuous, wide-area data on pollutants such as particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and aerosols. Remote sensing from satellites (for example aerosol optical depth measurements) combined with ground-station data gives exactly this kind of large-scale, near real-time coverage, and it is increasingly fed into AQI dashboards and forecasts.
Seismic sensors record ground vibrations from earthquakes, sonar uses sound waves to detect objects under water, and ground penetrating radar images structures below the soil surface. None of these measures the concentration of pollutants in the air, so they play no role in AQI monitoring.
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