Which process explains the movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high concentration to low concentration?
Osmosis
Osmosis is the net movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane from a region where water molecules are more concentrated (a dilute solution) to a region where they are less concentrated (a concentrated solution).
The process described has the defining features of osmosis: the moving substance is water, the movement takes place across a selectively permeable membrane, and it runs from high to low concentration, which needs no energy input.
Diffusion is the general spreading of any particles from higher to lower concentration and does not need a membrane; osmosis is the special case of water across a selectively permeable membrane. Filtration separates particles by pushing a fluid through a filter under pressure, and active transport moves substances against the concentration gradient using energy (ATP).
Hence, Osmosis.
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