Which one of the following metals is kept immersed in Kerosene oil to protect it and to prevent accidental fire ?
Sodium
Understanding Metal Reactivity and Storage
Metals have different levels of reactivity. Some metals react very quickly with substances in the air like oxygen and moisture. This high reactivity can lead to unwanted chemical reactions, tarnishing, or even fire. To protect these highly reactive metals and ensure safety, they are often stored in specific environments that prevent contact with air and water.
Why are Some Metals Stored in Kerosene?
Kerosene is an organic liquid that is non-reactive with many metals, especially alkali metals. It acts as a barrier, preventing the metal from coming into contact with the oxygen and water vapor present in the air. This method of storage is crucial for metals that are highly reactive.
Analyzing the Given Metals and Their Reactivity
Let's look at the metals provided in the options:
- Calcium (Ca): Calcium is a reactive metal, but it is less reactive than Sodium. It reacts with cold water slowly and more vigorously with hot water or steam. It forms a protective oxide layer in air, which slows down further reaction. While it needs careful handling, it is typically not stored immersed in kerosene for standard lab quantities.
- Sodium (Na): Sodium is an alkali metal, known for being extremely reactive. It reacts vigorously with oxygen in the air, tarnishing rapidly. More importantly, it reacts explosively with water, producing hydrogen gas which can easily catch fire. Because of this high reactivity with both air and moisture, Sodium needs to be stored in a way that completely prevents contact with them.
- Vanadium (V): Vanadium is a transition metal. It is much less reactive than alkali metals like Sodium. It is resistant to corrosion and relatively stable in air at room temperature. It does not require storage in kerosene.
- Magnesium (Mg): Magnesium is an alkaline earth metal. It is more reactive than Calcium but less reactive than Sodium. It burns brightly in air when ignited and reacts with hot water or steam, but it does not typically react explosively with water at room temperature like Sodium does. It usually forms a protective oxide layer and doesn't require storage in kerosene.
Storing Sodium in Kerosene Oil
Due to Sodium's extreme reactivity with air and moisture, it is essential to store it under a substance that excludes both. Kerosene oil serves this purpose effectively. Sodium is insoluble in kerosene, and kerosene does not react with Sodium. By immersing Sodium in kerosene, it is completely protected from the oxygen and water vapor in the atmosphere, preventing oxidation, reaction with moisture, and potential fires.
Therefore, Sodium is the metal among the given options that is commonly stored immersed in Kerosene oil to protect it and prevent accidental fire.
| Metal | Reactivity Level | Typical Storage Method |
|---|---|---|
| Calcium (Ca) | Moderately Reactive | Sealed container (often doesn't require liquid immersion for small quantities) |
| Sodium (Na) | Very Highly Reactive | Immersed in Kerosene or other non-reactive oil |
| Vanadium (V) | Low Reactivity | Standard storage (stable in air) |
| Magnesium (Mg) | Highly Reactive (but less than Na) | Sealed container (often doesn't require liquid immersion for small quantities) |
Revision Table: Metal Storage Practices
Understanding how different metals are stored helps highlight their reactivity. This table summarizes the common storage for the given options:
| Metal | Storage Practice | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| Calcium | Sealed container | Reactive, but forms protective layer; less reactive than Sodium. |
| Sodium | Immersed in Kerosene | Extremely reactive with air (\((O_2\\))) and water (\((H_2O\\))), prevents oxidation and explosive reaction. |
| Vanadium | Standard container | Relatively unreactive; stable in air. |
| Magnesium | Sealed container | Reactive, but less so than Sodium; forms protective oxide layer. |
Additional Information: Alkali Metals Storage
Sodium belongs to the group of alkali metals (Group 1 of the periodic table), which also includes Lithium, Potassium, Rubidium, and Cesium. These metals are all highly reactive due to having only one valence electron, which they readily lose to form positive ions.
- Lithium (Li): Less reactive than Sodium, sometimes stored in paraffin wax or oil.
- Potassium (K): Even more reactive than Sodium, often stored in kerosene or mineral oil.
- Rubidium (Rb) and Cesium (Cs): Extremely reactive, often stored in sealed glass ampoules under an inert atmosphere (like Argon) or vacuum.
The reactivity generally increases as you go down the alkali metal group. The storage method depends on the specific metal's reactivity and the need to exclude air and moisture.
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