Which one of the following is not enumerated, in the Constitution of India as a fundamental duty of citizens of India?
To promote international peace and security
Understanding Fundamental Duties in the Indian Constitution
The Constitution of India lists certain Fundamental Duties for its citizens under Article 51A. These duties were added by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976, based on the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee. They are intended to remind citizens that while enjoying their rights, they also have obligations towards their country, society, and fellow citizens.
The question asks which of the given options is not enumerated as a fundamental duty of citizens of India.
Let's examine each option in the context of the Fundamental Duties listed in Article 51A:
- To safeguard public property: Article 51A(i) states "to safeguard public property and to abjure violence". This is explicitly listed as a fundamental duty.
- To protect and improve the natural environment: Article 51A(g) states "to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wild life, and to have compassion for living creatures". This is also a fundamental duty.
- To develop the scientific temper and spirit of inquiry: Article 51A(h) states "to develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform". This is listed as a fundamental duty.
- To promote international peace and security: This is not listed among the Fundamental Duties under Article 51A. This objective is actually part of the Directive Principles of State Policy, specifically mentioned in Article 51, which directs the State to endeavor to promote international peace and security, maintain just and honourable relations between nations, foster respect for international law and treaty obligations, and encourage settlement of international disputes by arbitration.
Based on this analysis, the duty "To promote international peace and security" is not a fundamental duty of citizens but a directive principle for the State.
Analysis of Fundamental Duties Options
Let's summarize the analysis of each option:
| Option | Is it a Fundamental Duty (Article 51A)? | Relevant Article/Provision |
|---|---|---|
| To safeguard public property | Yes | Article 51A(i) |
| To protect and improve the natural environment | Yes | Article 51A(g) |
| To develop the scientific temper and spirit of inquiry | Yes | Article 51A(h) |
| To promote international peace and security | No | Article 51 (Directive Principle of State Policy) |
Therefore, the option that is not enumerated in the Constitution of India as a fundamental duty of citizens is "To promote international peace and security".
Revision Table: Fundamental Duties vs. Directive Principles
| Concept | Applies To | Nature | Enforceability | Example (from options) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fundamental Duties | Citizens | Moral obligations | Generally non-justiciable (though Parliament can enforce by law) | To safeguard public property, To protect environment |
| Directive Principles of State Policy | State | Guidelines for governance | Non-justiciable (not enforceable by courts) | To promote international peace and security |
Additional Information on Indian Constitutional Provisions
It is important to distinguish between different parts of the Indian Constitution:
- Part III (Fundamental Rights): These are rights guaranteed to citizens (and sometimes non-citizens) and are enforceable by courts. They are limitations on the State's power.
- Part IV (Directive Principles of State Policy - DPSP): These are guidelines for the State to be kept in mind while framing laws and policies. They aim to establish a welfare state but are not enforceable in courts. Article 51 falls under this part.
- Part IVA (Fundamental Duties): Added later, these are duties of the citizens towards the State and society. They are generally not enforceable by courts in the same way as Fundamental Rights.
Understanding the difference between Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles, and Fundamental Duties is crucial for understanding the structure and philosophy of the Indian Constitution.
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