Passage
As the new century begins, it is becoming evident to urban dwellers, whether in industrial or developing countries, that there is an immanent conflict between the automobile and the city. Urban air pollution, often from automobiles, claims millions of lives. Congestion also takes a direct economic toll in rising costs in time and the use of petrol.
Another cost of cities that are devoted to cars is a psychological one, a deprivation of contact with the natural world — an "asphalt complex". There is a growing body of evidence that there is an innate human need for contact with nature. Both ecologists and psychologists have been aware of this for some time. Ecologists, led by Harvard University biologist E.O. Wilson, have formulated the "biophilia hypothesis", which argues that those who are deprived of contact with nature suffer psychologically and that this deprivation leads to a measurable decline in well-being.
Meanwhile psychologists have coined their own term — ecopsychology — in which they make the same argument. Theodore Roszak, a leader in this field, cites a study that documents humans' dependence on nature by looking at the rate of recovery of patients in a hospital in Pennsylvania. Those whose rooms overlooked gardens with grass, trees, flowers, and birds recovered from illnesses more quickly than those who were in rooms overlooking the parking lot.
Understanding Ecopsychology in the Passage
The question asks for keywords that best represent the concept of 'ecopsychology' as defined in the provided passage. Ecopsychology is discussed in relation to the human need for nature and its psychological effects.
Analyzing Ecopsychology Evidence
The passage defines ecopsychology and links it to specific research and figures:
- Ecopsychology is a field where psychologists argue that humans have an innate need for contact with nature.
- Theodore Roszak is mentioned as a leader in this field.
- A key piece of evidence cited is a study conducted in Pennsylvania.
- This study documented patients' recovery rates based on their room's view (gardens vs. parking lot), highlighting nature's positive impact on healing.
Evaluating Keyword Options
Let's examine the provided options based on the passage's explanation of ecopsychology:
- Option 1: Mentions Wilson (related to biophilia hypothesis) and general concepts like 'automobile and city' and 'deprivation of nature'. While related to the broader theme, it doesn't specifically capture the core evidence for ecopsychology.
- Option 2: Includes general terms like 'Urban dwellers', 'ecologists', and 'trees and flowers'. These are relevant to the context but lack the specific focus on ecopsychology's definition and supporting research.
- Option 3: This option includes 'Roszak' (a key figure in ecopsychology), 'Pennsylvania' (location of the study), and 'nature-induced recovery of patients' (the specific evidence presented). This set directly encapsulates the definition and supporting evidence of ecopsychology discussed in the text.
- Option 4: Features 'Well-being denial', 'human need', and '"asphalt complex"'. While 'human need' and '"asphalt complex"' are mentioned, 'well-being denial' isn't explicitly defined as a core ecopsychology concept in this context, and the set lacks the specific research evidence.
Conclusion on Ecopsychology Keywords
Option 3 provides the most accurate and relevant set of keywords because it directly references the main proponent discussed (Roszak), the location of the key study (Pennsylvania), and the central finding regarding nature's effect on patient recovery, which forms the basis of the ecopsychology argument in the passage.
Similar Questions
- The passage draws attention to which one among the following ?
- The "biophilia hypothesis" :
- In this passage, the word 'immanent' is closest in meaning to :
- The "asphalt complex" refers to :
S1. The snowy albatross is among the largest birds that fly in the world.
S2. It has the widest wingspan among all birds, with lengths reaching up to 12 feet.S1. Awareness about one’s own personality type is very important.
S2. Self-awareness is a difficult goal for most people.S1. A scientific theory is first proposed as a hypothesis.
S2. After it is subjected to inquiry and is proven, it becomes a thesis.S1. The final outcome can never be predicted incontrovertibly.
S2. All outcomes are based on variables that cannot always be fully understood.S1. The beauty of India’s democracy rests in the greatness of its Constitution.
S2. The Constitution of India upholds the collective values of the country’s civilizational ethos.S1. The manhunt for the perpetrator of the crime spread across the entire state,
S2. There was deep public anger triggered by the enormity of the crime.
Important Questions from Reading Comprehension
What best describes bulimia?
When an activity requires too much effort we feel:
What kind of attitude does the writer advocate for a life of fulfilment?
Why did the young lady approach the piano teacher for music lessons?
What does 'bread making' attitude consist of?
