Which one of the following areas was acquired by the British under the Treaty of Deogaon, 1803?
Cuttack
Understanding the Treaty of Deogaon, 1803
The question asks about the territories acquired by the British under the Treaty of Deogaon, which was signed in 1803. This treaty is a significant event in the history of the British expansion in India, specifically during the period of the Second Anglo-Maratha War.
The Second Anglo-Maratha War Context
The Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803-1805) was fought between the British East India Company and the Maratha Confederacy. The war involved several Maratha chieftains, including the Peshwa, Scindia, Holkar, and Bhonsle of Nagpur. The Treaty of Deogaon was one of the treaties signed at the end of this conflict, specifically between the British and the Maratha ruler of Nagpur, Raghoji II Bhonsle.
Key Provisions of the Treaty of Deogaon (1803)
The Treaty of Deogaon was concluded on 17 December 1803. Under this treaty, Raghoji II Bhonsle had to cede substantial territories to the British and their allies. The primary cessions included:
- The province of Cuttack (including Balasore) in Odisha (Orissa).
- The territories west of the Wardha River.
This acquisition of Cuttack gave the British control over the valuable coastal region connecting their presidencies of Bengal and Madras.
Analysing the Options
Let's examine the given options in the context of the Treaty of Deogaon, 1803:
- Cuttack: As discussed, the province of Cuttack was explicitly ceded to the British under the terms of the Treaty of Deogaon.
- Murshidabad: Murshidabad was a major city and administrative centre in Bengal. It was already under significant British influence much earlier than 1803 and was not acquired as a result of this specific treaty with the Bhonsle ruler.
- Surat: Surat was a key port city in Gujarat. The British had established their presence and control over Surat much before 1803, gaining control of the city's administration in 1800. It was not acquired through the Treaty of Deogaon.
- Calicut: Calicut (Kozhikode) is a city in Kerala. It was part of the Kingdom of Mysore before being absorbed into British territory in the late 18th century, following the Anglo-Mysore Wars, well before 1803.
Conclusion
Based on the historical details of the Treaty of Deogaon, 1803, the territory acquired by the British among the given options was Cuttack.
| Treaty | Date | Parties | Key Territories Ceded to British/Allies |
|---|---|---|---|
| Treaty of Bassein | Dec 1802 | British & Peshwa Bajirao II | Territories yielding 2.6 million rupees revenue (various areas) |
| Treaty of Deogaon | Dec 1803 | British & Raghoji II Bhonsle (Nagpur) | Province of Cuttack, territories west of Wardha River |
| Treaty of Surji-Anjangaon | Dec 1803 | British & Daulat Rao Scindia (Gwalior) | Territories between Ganges & Yamuna, parts of Rajputana, Broach, Ahmednagar fort |
Revision Table: Treaty of Deogaon Facts
| Aspect | Detail | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Treaty Name | Treaty of Deogaon | ||
| Year | 1803 | ||
| Context | End of the Second Anglo-Maratha War | ||
| British Representative | Arthur Wellesley | ||
| Maratha Signatory | Raghoji II Bhonsle (Raja of Nagpur) | Territories Ceded | Cuttack (Orissa), territories west of Wardha River |
Additional Information on British Acquisitions in India
The British East India Company expanded its control over India through various means, including wars, treaties, and the doctrine of lapse. Treaties like the Treaty of Deogaon were crucial in dismantling the power of major Indian states, such as the Marathas. The acquisition of strategic regions like Cuttack helped consolidate British power and facilitate communication and movement between their scattered territories. The treaties signed during the Second Anglo-Maratha War significantly weakened the Maratha Confederacy and paved the way for further British dominance.
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