Which of the following wildlife conservation initiatives was launched in 1973 to protect an apex predator in India?
Project Tiger
Project Tiger was launched by the Government of India on 1 April 1973 from Jim Corbett National Park (Uttarakhand) under the then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.
Its aim was to protect the Bengal Tiger — the country's apex predator — whose numbers had crashed to about 1,800 due to poaching and habitat loss.
The project started with 9 tiger reserves and today covers over 55 reserves under the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA), established under the Wildlife (Protection) Amendment Act, 2006.
Project Elephant was launched in 1992, Project Snow Leopard in 2009 and Project Crocodile in 1975, so they do not match the 1973 timeline.
Hence, the answer is Project Tiger.
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