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Question

Which of the following particles is essential for determining the isotope of an element?

The correct answer is

Neutron

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons (hence the same atomic number) but a different number of neutrons, giving them different mass numbers (for example, carbon-12 and carbon-14).

So knowing the neutron count — in combination with the fixed proton number — is what identifies which isotope of an element you have. Electrons determine chemical behaviour, protons define the element itself, and positrons are antiparticles not found in ordinary atoms.

Hence, Neutron.

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