A water purification plant uses a process to remove harmful ions. Which type of reaction would most likely be used for this purpose?
Double displacement reaction
A double displacement reaction (also called metathesis) has the form AB + CD → AD + CB; it is the standard chemistry behind ion-exchange / precipitation steps used in water treatment to remove harmful ions such as calcium, magnesium, iron or heavy-metal cations by exchanging them for benign ions.
Decomposition breaks one compound into simpler ones, combustion needs oxygen to release heat, and synthesis combines elements into a compound — none of these targets the removal of specific ions from water.
Hence, Double displacement reaction.
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