In the presence of sunlight, chlorine is added to hydrocarbons in a very fast reaction. Chlorine can replace the hydrogen atoms one by one. It is called a/an __________ reaction.
substitution
When methane and other alkanes are mixed with chlorine in bright sunlight, chlorine atoms replace hydrogen atoms one by one.
Example: CH4 + Cl2 → CH3Cl + HCl, then CH2Cl2, then CHCl3, then CCl4.
Because an atom in the hydrocarbon is substituted by another, the reaction is called a substitution reaction.
Addition involves double or triple bonds gaining atoms; elimination removes atoms; "replacement" is not a standard organic-reaction class.
Hence, substitution.
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