Direction:Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow. As legend has it, Rome was founded in 753 B.C. by Romulus and Remus, twin sons of Mars, the god of war. They had been left to drown in a basket on the Tiber river by a king of a nearby region and were rescued by a she-wolf. The twins lived to defeat that king and founded their own city on the river’s banks in 753 B.C. After killing his brother, Romulus became the first king of Rome, which is named after him. A line of Sabine, Latin and Etruscan (earlier Italian civilisations) kings followed in a non-hereditary succession. Rome’s era as a monarchy ended in 509 B.C. with the overthrow of its seventh king, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, whom ancient historians portrayed as cruel and tyrannical, compared to his benevolent predecessors. Rome now turned from a monarchy into a republic. The power of the monarch passed to two annually elected magistrates called consuls. They also served as commanders-in-chief of the army. The magistrates, though elected by the people, were largely the descendants of the original senators from the time of Romulus. In 450 B.C., the first Roman law code was inscribed on 12 bronze tablets—known as the Twelve Tables—and publicly displayed in the Roman Forum. These laws included issues of legal procedure, civil rights and property rights and provided the basis for all future Roman civil laws. By around 300 B.C. real political power in Rome was centered in the Senate.
Which of the following is NOT an earlier Italian civilisation as mentioned in the passage?
Roman
Identifying Earlier Italian Civilisations in the Passage
The question asks us to identify which of the given options is NOT mentioned in the passage as an earlier Italian civilisation.
To answer this, we need to carefully read the provided passage and locate where earlier Italian civilisations are discussed.
The passage describes the founding of Rome and its early history, mentioning kings that followed Romulus:
A line of Sabine, Latin and Etruscan (earlier Italian civilisations) kings followed in a non-hereditary succession.
This sentence explicitly lists the civilisations considered "earlier Italian civilisations" in the context of contributing kings to early Rome.
Let's examine the options based on this information:
- Latin: The passage mentions "Latin" as one of the earlier Italian civilisations.
- Roman: The passage discusses the founding and history of Rome itself. While Rome is an Italian civilisation, it is the subject of the passage, not listed as an *earlier* civilisation that contributed kings in the same way Sabine, Latin, and Etruscan are described.
- Sabine: The passage mentions "Sabine" as one of the earlier Italian civilisations.
- Etruscan: The passage mentions "Etruscan" as one of the earlier Italian civilisations.
Comparing the list from the passage (Sabine, Latin, Etruscan) with the options, "Roman" is the only one that is NOT listed alongside Sabine, Latin, and Etruscan as an "earlier Italian civilisation" in this specific context.
Therefore, according to the passage, Roman is not mentioned as an earlier Italian civilisation in the list provided.
Revision Table: Earlier Italian Civilisations
| Civilisation | Mentioned as "Earlier Italian Civilisation" in the passage? |
|---|---|
| Latin | Yes |
| Roman | No (It is the civilisation being discussed) |
| Sabine | Yes |
| Etruscan | Yes |
Additional Information on Roman History and Civilisations
The passage provides a brief overview of Rome's legendary founding and transition from a monarchy to a republic.
- Founding Legend: Rome is said to have been founded in 753 B.C. by Romulus and Remus.
- Monarchy: Early Rome was ruled by kings, including those from neighbouring or earlier civilisations like the Sabine, Latin, and Etruscan. The last king, Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, was overthrown.
- Republic: After the monarchy, Rome became a republic. Power shifted to elected officials like consuls and the Senate gained significant influence.
- Twelve Tables: An important step in Roman law was the creation of the Twelve Tables in 450 B.C., publicly displaying laws on various aspects of life, forming the basis for future Roman civil law.
Understanding the distinction between Rome itself and the civilisations that influenced or preceded it is key to interpreting passages like this.
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