Which of the following is an example of built in flexibility ?
Unemployment insurance
Unemployment insurance option is correct.
Built-in flexibility, also called automatic stabilisation, refers to features of the fiscal system that dampen cyclical fluctuations without any fresh discretionary action. Progressive income taxes, corporate taxes and transfer programmes such as unemployment insurance rise or fall automatically with the level of activity, cushioning aggregate demand.
Unemployment insurance payments increase during downturns as more workers become jobless and fall during expansions as employment rises, so they automatically inject purchasing power in recessions and withdraw it in booms — the classic Musgrave-Samuelson definition of a built-in stabiliser.
Welfare grants and infrastructure spending are discretionary allocations that require Parliament's approval to change and don't respond mechanically to the cycle. Fiscal deficit is an outcome measure, not a mechanism.
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.................... is a client server application that identifies each host on the internet with a unique user-friendly name.
Every OS has a ................ or .......... which primarily resides in the main memory of the computer to perform some of the basic functions of the OS.
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(i) Machine language
(ii) Assembly language
(iii) High level language
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Codes:
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