Arrange the following in descending order according to the extent of expenditure of Union Government in Budget 2023-24. (i) Central Sector Schemes (ii) Interest Payments (iii) States' share of taxes and duties (iv) Centrally sponsored schemes
(ii) (iii) (i) (iv)
(ii) (iii) (i) (iv) option is correct.
The Union Budget 2023-24 documents (Budget at a Glance, Ministry of Finance) show that the composition of central government expenditure is dominated by non-discretionary and constitutional obligations, with interest payments taking the largest single share and the constitutional transfer of the states' share of central taxes second, well above scheme-based spending.
The approximate shares (of total expenditure) in Budget 2023-24 are: Interest Payments (ii) ≈ 20-24%, States' share of taxes and duties (iii) ≈ 18%, Central Sector Schemes (i) ≈ 17%, and Centrally Sponsored Schemes (iv) ≈ 9%. Sorting these values in descending order therefore gives (ii) > (iii) > (i) > (iv), which matches the specified sequence.
Interest Payments outrank every other head because of the accumulated stock of central government debt: interest is a first-charge item Parliament cannot defer. The states' share flows from Article 270 read with the 15th Finance Commission recommendation of 41% devolution of the divisible pool of central taxes, which places this transfer above scheme spending in absolute rupee terms. Central Sector Schemes are wholly Union-funded, while Centrally Sponsored Schemes are shared with states and therefore have a smaller Union share.
The distractor sequences fail because (i)(ii)(iii)(iv) places Central Sector Schemes first — contradicting the interest-payment primacy; (iii)(ii)(i)(iv) inverts the top two heads; and (iv)(iii)(ii)(i) places Centrally Sponsored Schemes on top, which is reversed from reality.
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