Which of the following is a straight-chain alkyl carboxylic acid with the chemical formula CH3CH2CH2CO2H?
Butyric acid
The correct answer is Option 4: Butyric acid.
Explanation
To identify the correct name for the chemical formula \(\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CO}_2\text{H}\):
Count the total number of carbon atoms: There are a total of 4 carbon atoms in the molecule (three in the alkyl chain and one in the carboxylic acid functional group, \(-\text{CO}_2\text{H}\)).
Determine the IUPAC name: A 4-carbon carboxylic acid uses the prefix but-, making its systematic IUPAC name butanoic acid.
Determine the common name: The common name for butanoic acid is butyric acid (derived from the Latin word butyrum, meaning butter, as it was first discovered in rancid butter).
Overview of Options
| Chemical Formula | IUPAC Name | Common Name |
|---|---|---|
| \(\text{HCO}_2\text{H}\) | Methanoic acid | Formic acid |
| \(\text{CH}_3\text{CO}_2\text{H}\) | Ethanoic acid | Acetic acid |
| \(\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CO}_2\text{H}\) | Propanoic acid | Propionic acid |
| \(\text{CH}_3\text{CH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{CO}_2\text{H}\) | Butanoic acid | Butyric acid |
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