Which of the following characteristics is common to hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide?
They are all gases at room temperature.
Let's carefully examine the characteristics of hydrogen (\(H_2\)), nitrogen (\(N_2\)), oxygen (\(O_2\)), and carbon dioxide (\(CO_2\)) based on the given options to find what they have in common.
Since carbon dioxide (\(CO_2\)) is not diatomic, this characteristic is not common to all four substances.
Room temperature is generally considered to be around \(20-25^\circ C\). Let's look at the state of each substance at room temperature:
This characteristic is common to all four substances.
None of these gases are colored at room temperature, so this characteristic is not common to all four substances.
The reactivity of these gases varies significantly:
They clearly have different reactivities, so this characteristic is not common to all four substances.
Based on the analysis of each option, the only characteristic common to hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide among the choices provided is that they are all gases at room temperature.
| Substance | Chemical Formula | State at Room Temp. (\(25^\circ C\)) | Diatomic? | Color | Relative Reactivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hydrogen | \(H_2\) | Gas | Yes | Colorless | Reactive (flammable) |
| Nitrogen | \(N_2\) | Gas | Yes | Colorless | Very Unreactive |
| Oxygen | \(O_2\) | Gas | Yes | Colorless | Highly Reactive |
| Carbon Dioxide | \(CO_2\) | Gas | No (Triatomic) | Colorless | Relatively Unreactive |
The state of a substance (solid, liquid, or gas) at a given temperature and pressure depends on its intermolecular forces and the kinetic energy of its particles. For many common substances like \(H_2\), \(N_2\), \(O_2\), and \(CO_2\), their boiling points are below room temperature, which is why they exist as gases under standard conditions.
The term 'diatomic' refers to a molecule made up of two atoms. Elements like hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine (\(F_2\)), chlorine (\(Cl_2\)), bromine (\(Br_2\)), and iodine (\(I_2\)) naturally exist as diatomic molecules. Molecules made of more than two atoms, like \(CO_2\) (three atoms), are called polyatomic molecules.
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