The correct answer is Non-tax revenues. Let's examine why the other options are ways to finance government deficits and why non-tax revenues are not.

• Borrowings from domestic and international sources: Governments frequently borrow money from domestic banks, institutions, or even international organizations like the World Bank or IMF to cover budget shortfalls. This is a direct method of deficit financing.
• Higher taxation: Increasing tax rates or broadening the tax base generates more revenue for the government, directly reducing the deficit. This is a common fiscal policy tool.
• Deficit financing: This refers to the act of financing a budget deficit. It encompasses various methods, including borrowing and potentially monetizing the debt (though this is less common and can be inflationary).
• Non-tax revenues: Non-tax revenues represent income received by the government from sources other than taxes, such as fees, fines, sale of government assets, and profits from state-owned enterprises. While these contribute to government revenue, they are not a direct mechanism to *finance* a pre-existing deficit. They are part of overall government revenue, but a deficit requires additional funding beyond existing income to be covered. Non-tax revenues help reduce the *size* of the deficit but do not directly finance it in the sense of covering the shortfall.

In essence, options 1, 3, and 4 directly address a budget deficit by providing the necessary funds to close the gap between government spending and revenue. Non-tax revenues, however, are simply part of the government's overall income stream; they don't specifically resolve a situation where expenditures exceed planned tax income.