Which mission by ISRO aims to explore Venus and study its atmosphere?
Shukrayaan-1
Shukrayaan-1 is correct.
Shukrayaan-1, officially the Venus Orbiter Mission, is, as of July 2025, ISRO's planned mission to Venus ('Shukra' in Sanskrit). The Union Cabinet approved it in September 2024 with a target launch window around March 2028. The orbiter will study the Venusian surface and subsurface, its thick carbon-dioxide atmosphere, sulphuric acid clouds and the interaction of the Sun with the planet's ionosphere.
Mangalyaan-2 is a proposed follow-up mission to Mars, Gaganyaan is India's human spaceflight programme to low Earth orbit, and Chandrayaan-4 is a planned lunar sample-return mission. None of them targets Venus, so Shukrayaan-1 is the mission that explores Venus and its atmosphere.
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