Maratha Ruler: Foundation of the Maratha Empire

The question asks to identify the specific Maratha ruler who established the Maratha Empire and took the title of Chhatrapati in the year 1674.

Identifying the Founder: Shivaji Maharaj

Based on historical records, the formidable Maratha ruler who founded the Maratha Empire was Shivaji Maharaj. He is celebrated for his military genius, administrative skills, and his role in challenging the Mughal Empire.

The Proclamation of Chhatrapati in 1674

Shivaji Maharaj was crowned formally as the Chhatrapati (meaning 'Protection of the Umbrella', signifying a sovereign king) on June 6, 1674, at Raigad Fort. This event marked the official establishment of the Maratha Empire as an independent and sovereign state. This coronation cemented his position as the paramount ruler of the Marathas.

Analysis of Other Options

• Sambhaji: Sambhaji Maharaj was the son and successor of Shivaji Maharaj. He ruled the Maratha Empire after his father but did not found it.
• Shahu: Shahu Maharaj (also known as Shivaji II) was the grandson of Shivaji Maharaj. He was a later ruler who played a crucial role in consolidating the empire, especially during the era of Peshwa dominance, but he was not the founder.
• Bajirao: Bajirao I (Bajirao Ballal) was a prominent Peshwa (Prime Minister) under Shahu Maharaj. He was a brilliant military strategist who significantly expanded the Maratha influence but held the position of Peshwa, not the founder of the empire itself.

Therefore, Shivaji Maharaj is the correct answer as the founder of the Maratha Empire in 1674.