Who among the following established the kingdom named Hindavi Swaraja?
Chhatrapati Shivaji
Establishing Hindavi Swaraja: The Role of Chhatrapati Shivaji
The question asks about the individual who established the kingdom known as Hindavi Swaraja. This term is historically linked to the Maratha Empire founded in the 17th century.
Understanding Hindavi Swaraja
The term "Hindavi Swarajya" (also spelled "Hindavi Swaraj") translates roughly to "Self-Rule of the Hindu people" or "Indian Self-Rule." It represented the aspiration for an independent kingdom free from foreign rule, particularly the Mughal Empire which dominated the region at the time.
Analyzing the Options: Who Established Hindavi Swaraja?
- Bahadur Shah Zafar: He was the last Mughal Emperor, reigning in the mid-19th century. He did not establish Hindavi Swaraja; in fact, the Marathas under Shivaji fought against the Mughal Empire.
- Guru Tegh Bahadur: The ninth Guru of Sikhism (17th century). While a significant historical figure who faced challenges from the Mughal Empire, he was not associated with establishing the Maratha kingdom or Hindavi Swaraja.
- Chhatrapati Shivaji: Shivaji Maharaj (Shivaji Bhonsale) was an Indian warrior-king and a member of the Bhonsle Maratha clan. He carved out an enclave from the declining Adilshahi sultanate of Bijapur that formed the genesis of the Maratha Empire. In 1674, he was formally crowned the Chhatrapati (monarch) of his realm at Raigad, establishing the Maratha kingdom. His vision and struggle are historically associated with the concept of Hindavi Swaraja.
- Krishnadeva Raya: A famous emperor of the Vijayanagara Empire (reigned 1509–1529), much earlier than Shivaji. He was a prominent ruler in South India but not connected to the establishment of the Maratha kingdom or Hindavi Swaraja.
Based on historical evidence, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj is credited with establishing the kingdom referred to as Hindavi Swaraja.
Conclusion on the Founder of Hindavi Swaraja
The individual who established the kingdom named Hindavi Swaraja is Chhatrapati Shivaji.
| Historical Figure | Associated Period | Connection to Hindavi Swaraja |
|---|---|---|
| Bahadur Shah Zafar | 19th Century | Last Mughal Emperor, opposed Hindavi Swaraja concept. |
| Guru Tegh Bahadur | 17th Century | Sikh Guru, not founder of Maratha Kingdom. |
| Chhatrapati Shivaji | 17th Century | Founder of the Maratha Kingdom (Hindavi Swaraja). |
| Krishnadeva Raya | 16th Century | Vijayanagara Emperor, earlier period, different kingdom. |
Revision Table: Key Figures and Kingdoms
| Name | Era (Century) | Key Association / Kingdom |
|---|---|---|
| Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj | 17th | Maratha Kingdom, Hindavi Swaraja |
| Bahadur Shah Zafar | 19th | Mughal Empire |
| Guru Tegh Bahadur | 17th | Sikhism |
| Krishnadeva Raya | 16th | Vijayanagara Empire |
Additional Information: Chhatrapati Shivaji and Maratha Empire
- Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj was born in 1630.
- He began his military activities by capturing forts in the Bijapur sultanate around the age of 16.
- His coronation took place in 1674, marking the formal beginning of the Maratha kingdom, also known as Hindavi Swaraja.
- He is revered for his military innovations, guerilla warfare tactics, and just administration.
- The Maratha Empire he founded became a dominant power in India after the decline of the Mughals.
Important Questions from Medieval History
Which Delhi Sultan is credited with systematically institutionalizing the 'Iqta' system, an administrative and land revenue assignment that significantly structured the governance of the nascent Sultanate by assigning territories to nobles and military commanders in lieu of cash salaries?
Regarding Indian history, which of the following is/are correct?
1. Arcot Nizamat emerged from Hyderabad state.
2. The Kingdom of Mysore emerged from the Vijayanagara Empire.
3. The kingdom of Rohilkhand was formed from the territories conquered by Ahmad Shah Durrani
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
Banjaras during the medieval period of Indian history were generally
What was/were the object/objects of Queen Victoria’s Proclamation (1858)?
(1) To disclaim any intention to annex Indian States
(2) To place the Indian administration under the British Crown
(3) To regulate East India Company’s trade with India
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
What was the immediate reason for Ahmad Shah Abdali to invade India and fight the Third Battle of Panipat?
