To answer the question, we need to understand the role of an Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) and Central Management System (CMS) in the context of electric vehicles (EVs) and charging stations.

Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE): This refers to the network of hardware responsible for delivering electrical energy to recharge electric vehicles. It includes both publicly accessible stations and those found in private settings.

Central Management System (CMS): This is the software management component that oversees various functions related to EVSE, such as monitoring energy consumption, billing, and user authentication.

Now, evaluating the options:

1. Collecting charging-related data through EVSE–CMS: This involves gathering data on energy usage and operational status, which is necessary for performance optimization but does not address the security aspects of user access.
2. Managing billing information through EVSE–CMS: Billing management ensures that users are billed correctly for the energy consumed. While important, it doesn't directly handle secure access to charging services.
3. Grid monitoring through EVSE–CMS: This relates to observing and managing the demand-supply balance of electricity on the grid. Again, relevant but not directly related to user access control.
4. User authorization through EVSE–CMS: This is the process of verifying and granting permission to users before allowing them access to charging services. It ensures security and efficiency by confirming that only authorized personnel can initiate charging sessions.

The correct answer is User authorization through EVSE–CMS, as it directly pertains to securing access to charging stations, making sure that only permitted users can utilize the service. This feature is critical in maintaining the integrity and security of the charging infrastructure.