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What were the major teachings of Guru Nanak? Explain their relevance in the contemporary world.

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CSE 2023 (Prelims) CSAT Official Paper (28-May-2023)

Guru Nanak Dev Ji, the founder of Sikhism, propagated a simple yet profound philosophy centered on universal brotherhood, equality, and devotion to one God. His major teachings include 'Ik Onkar' (one God), emphasizing monotheism and the oneness of all humanity, transcending caste, creed, or religion. He vehemently rejected the caste system and gender discrimination, advocating for 'Sarbat Da Bhala' (welfare of all) and promoting equality through practices like 'Langar' (community kitchen) where everyone eats together. He stressed 'Naam Japo, Kirat Karo, Vand Chakho' – meditation on God's name, honest labor, and sharing earnings with others.

These teachings hold immense relevance today. In a world fraught with religious extremism, social inequality, and economic disparities, Guru Nanak's message of monotheism and universal brotherhood offers a powerful antidote to divisive ideologies. His emphasis on honest living and sharing promotes ethical capitalism and addresses economic disparities. The concept of 'Langar' remains a potent symbol of selfless service and social inclusion, providing a model for community welfare amidst rising individualism. His advocacy for gender equality and rejection of caste are timeless principles crucial for fostering an inclusive and just society globally.

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