Bihar’s per capita net state domestic product at current prices in 2022-23 was ₹ 54,111 — option 1.

What the figure means. Net State Domestic Product is the value of goods and services produced within the state after deducting depreciation, and dividing by the population gives the per capita figure. At current prices the figure includes the effect of inflation; at constant 2011-12 prices it would be lower and would measure real growth alone.

The significance. Bihar has the lowest per capita income of any Indian state, at under a third of the national average. Three reasons are usually given. Its population is very large and growing fast, so the denominator rises quickly. Its economy rests on low-productivity agriculture and on services, with a small industrial base and almost no mineral resources since the separation of Jharkhand in 2000. And it has historically had weak infrastructure, low urbanisation — about 11 per cent, the lowest in India — and heavy out-migration of working-age men, so a substantial part of household income arrives as remittances and is not counted in state output at all.

The other side of the picture. Bihar’s rate of growth has been among the higher rates in the country in several recent years, because it is starting from a low base; but a high growth rate on a small base closes an absolute gap only slowly.

For the examination, the useful thing is the order of magnitude — a little over ₹ 50,000 — and the fact that it is the lowest in India, rather than the exact rupee figure.

Hence, the answer is ₹ 54,111.