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A pulse radar determines target by round trip time of a pulsed microwave signal. The frequency used by radar transmitter is 10GHz with transmitted power 2KW (Pulse power). The Antenna size of radar transmitted this signal is based on \(\lambda\ (\text{Wavelength})=\frac{C\ (\text{speed of light})}{f\ (\text{Frequency})}\) with a Gain (Gt) of 28dB is used to detect the target (aeroplane) having its cross section area as 12m2. The receiver has its capability as -90dBm as minimum detectable signal (Pmin). There is an isolation between trans and receive chain as (80-100dB) determine Radar maximum range.

Based on the paragraph answer following questions :

What is the distance (R) of target if round trip time (t) is known in the radar signal C velocity of signal (EM wave)

This question was previously asked in
UGC NET 2023 Electronic Science Question Paper (13-Dec-2023) (Shift 1)
The correct answer is

\(R=\frac{C.T}{2}\)

To find the distance \(R\) of the target using radar signals, we must understand how radar systems typically operate. Radar systems emit signals that travel to a target and reflect back. The time taken for the signal to travel to the target and return is called the round trip time, \(t\). The relationship between the distance \(R\), the speed of the signal \(C\) (which is the speed of light in a vacuum, approximately \(3 \times 10^8 \, \text{m/s}\)), and the round trip time \(t\) is given by:

\(R = \frac{C \times t}{2}\)

This formula accounts for the fact that the radar signal travels to the target and back again, hence the factor of 2 in the denominator. This means the distance to the target is half the product of the speed of the signal and the round trip time.

Now, let's evaluate each option:

  1. Option 1: \(R = \frac{C \times T}{2}\) - This option is correct as it correctly applies the formula for calculating the distance to the target.
  2. Option 2: \(R = \frac{C \times T}{4}\) - This option incorrectly divides by 4, which is inappropriate for radar distance calculations.
  3. Option 3: \(R = \frac{C \times T}{3}\) - This option also incorrectly divides by 3, making it inappropriate.
  4. Option 4: \(R > \frac{C \times T}{2}\) - This suggests the distance is greater, which is incorrect. The formula directly gives the actual distance.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 1: \(R = \frac{C \times T}{2}\). This reflects the standard formula for determining the range to a target using radar signals based on the round trip time.

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Similar Questions

  1. For an X band radar operating at 12 GHz, the value of minimum pulse repetition frequency, which may be used to unambiguously measure the wind velocity in a tornado with a wind speed of 360 km/hour is :

  2. Operating frequency of this radar falls in which band ? specify it

  3. What is maximum range of this radar (Rmax) upto which target can be determined ?

  4. A pulse radar determines target by round trip time of a pulsed microwave signal. The frequency used by radar transmitter is 10GHz with transmitted power 2KW (Pulse power). The Antenna size of radar transmitted this signal is based on \(\lambda\ (\text{Wavelength})=\frac{C\ (\text{speed of light})}{f\ (\text{Frequency})}\) with a Gain (Gt) of 28dB is used to detect the target (aeroplane) having its cross section area as 12m2. The receiver has its capability as -90dBm as minimum detectable signal (Pmin). There is an isolation between trans and receive chain as (80-100dB) determine Radar maximum range.

    Based on the paragraph answer following questions :


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