What astronomical observation is most severely hampered by increasing levels of urban light pollution?
Deep-sky objects
Light pollution raises the brightness of the night sky background. The objects most severely affected are those with low surface brightness — that is, deep-sky objects like distant galaxies, nebulae and faint star clusters, whose contrast against the sky is washed out.
The Sun (sunspots), planets in transit and the Moon are all extremely bright; they remain easily observable even in heavily light-polluted urban skies.
Hence the answer is Deep-sky objects.
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