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Question

What are the major teachings of Mahavir? Explain their relevance in the contemporary world.

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CSE 2025 (Prelims) CSAT Official Paper (25-May-2025)

The major teachings of Lord Mahavir, central to Jainism, are profoundly relevant today. The three core principles are:

  1. Ahimsa (Non-violence): This is the supreme principle, advocating non-harm to all living beings in thought, word, and deed. In a world rife with conflict, terrorism, and war, Ahimsa offers a path to peace and compassion. Its scope also extends to environmentalism, urging us to live in harmony with nature.
  2. Anekantavada (Non-absolutism): This is the idea that truth is complex and has multiple facets. It promotes open-mindedness and tolerance for different viewpoints. In our polarized world of social media echo chambers and rigid ideologies, this teaching is a vital antidote to fanaticism and conflict.
  3. Aparigraha (Non-possessiveness): This principle advises limiting one's possessions and desires. In an age of rampant consumerism and greed, which fuels inequality and ecological destruction, Aparigraha guides us towards sustainable living and helps curb corruption.

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