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Question

What are the main factors responsible for gender inequality in India? Discuss the contribution of Savitribai Phule in this regard.

This question was previously asked in
UPSC CSE 2020 (Prelims) CSAT Previous Year Paper (04-Oct-2020)

ender inequality in India stems from deep-rooted patriarchy, a system that privileges men. This manifests in several ways: socio-cultural norms favouring male children and enforcing restrictive gender roles; economic disparity seen in unequal access to property and wages; and political underrepresentation of women in decision-making bodies. The historical denial of education to girls has been a key factor perpetuating this cycle.

Savitribai Phule’s contribution was revolutionary because she attacked this very root cause. By starting the first school for girls in India in 1848, she defied immense social opposition to champion female education. She understood that education was the most powerful tool for liberation. It was the key to awakening women's consciousness, enabling them to question oppressive traditions, achieve economic independence, and claim their rightful place in society. Her work laid the essential foundation for the women’s rights movement.

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