Which of the following best describes the velocity-time graph for an object moving with uniform velocity?
A straight horizontal line parallel to the time axis
A velocity-time (v-t) graph plots velocity on the vertical axis against time on the horizontal axis. Two features of such a graph carry physical meaning: the slope of the line equals the acceleration of the object, and the area under the line equals the displacement covered.
For an object moving with uniform (constant) velocity, the velocity has the same value at every instant — it neither increases nor decreases. When a quantity does not change with time, its graph against time is a straight horizontal line parallel to the time axis. This is the correct choice.
You can confirm it using the slope idea: a horizontal line has zero slope, and zero slope means zero acceleration, which is exactly the condition for uniform velocity.
The other shapes represent different kinds of motion:
- A straight line sloping upward from the time axis (starting above the origin) shows velocity steadily increasing — that is uniform acceleration with some initial velocity, not constant velocity.
- A line starting from the origin and sloping upward also shows uniform acceleration, but starting from rest (initial velocity zero).
- A curved line above the time axis shows a changing slope, meaning the acceleration itself is changing — that is non-uniform acceleration.
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