Understanding Sex Ratio in India (2011 Census)

The sex ratio, defined as the number of females per 1000 males, is a crucial demographic indicator. It reflects the gender balance in the population and provides insights into the status of women in society. The Census of India, conducted every ten years, is the primary source for this data across states and Union Territories.

This question asks us to match specific states and Union Territories with their respective sex ratios as recorded in the 2011 Census. To answer this, we need to know the sex ratio data for Kerala, Puducherry, Delhi, and Haryana from that census.

Matching States/UTs with 2011 Sex Ratio

Based on the Census of India 2011 data, the sex ratios for the given regions were:

• Kerala: Known for having one of the highest sex ratios in India.
• Puducherry: A Union Territory with a relatively high sex ratio compared to the national average.
• Delhi: The National Capital Territory, typically having a lower sex ratio.
• Haryana: A state often noted for having one of the lowest sex ratios among major states.

Let's look at the specific numbers provided in the options and match them to the correct states/UTs from the 2011 Census data:

• a. 1037
• b. 1084
• c. 879
• d. 868

Census of India 2011 Sex Ratio Data

The actual sex ratios from the 2011 Census for these regions are:

• Kerala: 1084
• Puducherry: 1037
• Delhi: 868
• Haryana: 879

Performing the Match

Now, let's match the states/UTs listed in the question (1, 2, 3, 4) with the sex ratios (a, b, c, d):

• 1. Kerala matches with 1084. Looking at the options, 1084 is option 'b'. So, 1-b.
• 2. Puducherry matches with 1037. Looking at the options, 1037 is option 'a'. So, 2-a.
• 3. Delhi matches with 868. Looking at the options, 868 is option 'd'. So, 3-d.
• 4. Haryana matches with 879. Looking at the options, 879 is option 'c'. So, 4-c.

Combining these matches, we get the sequence: 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c.

Analyzing the Options

Let's compare our findings with the given options:

• Option 1: 1-b, 2-c, 3-a, 4-d (Incorrect - Matches do not align with 2011 data)
• Option 2: 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d (Incorrect - Matches do not align with 2011 data)
• Option 3: 1-b, 2-a, 3-c, 4-d (Incorrect - Match for Delhi and Haryana is swapped)
• Option 4: 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c (Correct - Matches align with 2011 data)

Therefore, the correct match is 1-b, 2-a, 3-d, 4-c.

Revision Table: India 2011 Census Sex Ratio

Additional Information: Understanding Sex Ratio and Census Data

The sex ratio is influenced by various factors including birth rates, death rates, and migration patterns. A sex ratio significantly below 1000 indicates a deficit of females in the population, which can be due to factors like gender-biased sex selection, higher female mortality rates, or male-dominated migration.

• National Sex Ratio (2011): India's overall sex ratio in 2011 was 940 females per 1000 males.
• Child Sex Ratio (0-6 years): This is another important metric, which was 919 nationally in 2011. Haryana and Delhi also had low child sex ratios.
• Significance: Sex ratio data is vital for planning and implementing social welfare programs, especially those aimed at improving the status, health, and education of women and girls.
• Census as a Source: The decadal Census is the most comprehensive source of demographic data in India, providing detailed statistics down to the village level.

States like Kerala consistently show a sex ratio above 1000, suggesting better social indicators and possibly higher life expectancy for females in those regions. States like Haryana and UTs like Delhi have historically shown lower sex ratios, highlighting areas where interventions might be needed to address gender imbalances.