The Fundamental Duties of citizens were added to the Constitution of India, upon the recommendations of which of the following committees?
Swaran Singh Committee
The correct answer is Option 4: Swaran Singh Committee.
Here is the essential constitutional history regarding how the Fundamental Duties were introduced in India:
Swaran Singh Committee (1976): Set up by the Government of India during the National Emergency, this committee recommended adding a separate chapter on Fundamental Duties to ensure that while citizens enjoy rights, they also focus on their obligations to the nation.
The 42nd Amendment Act (1976): Based on these recommendations, this major amendment added Part IV-A and Article 51-A to the Constitution, introducing 10 Fundamental Duties (borrowed from the erstwhile USSR Constitution). Later, an 11th duty was added via the 86th Amendment Act in 2002.
Quick breakdown of what the other committees worked on:
Raja Chelliah Committee (Option 1): Known for driving sweeping Tax Reforms in India in the early 1990s.
Santhanam Committee (Option 2): Focused on the prevention of corruption; its recommendations led to the establishment of the Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) in 1964.
Kelkar Committee (Option 3): Prominent for its comprehensive reports on Fiscal Consolidation and public-private partnership (PPP) models.
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