Manipur, Meghalaya and Tripura became states under ______.
North Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) Act, 1971
Understanding State Formation in North Eastern India
The question asks under which specific Act did Manipur, Meghalaya, and Tripura attain statehood. This involves knowing the historical context of the reorganisation of states in India, particularly in the North Eastern region.
The North Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) Act, 1971
The correct answer is the North Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) Act, 1971. This landmark legislation played a crucial role in reshaping the political map of North Eastern India. Before this Act, many areas in the region had different statuses, such as Union Territories or autonomous districts within larger states.
Key outcomes of the North Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) Act, 1971:
- It elevated the status of Manipur, Meghalaya, and Tripura from Union Territories to full-fledged states.
- It also led to the formation of the Union Territories of Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh (which were earlier part of Assam).
These changes officially took effect on January 21, 1972. So, while the Act was passed in 1971, the actual statehood and formation of new Union Territories happened in 1972 based on this Act.
Why Other Options Are Incorrect
Let's look at the other options provided:
- Option 2: North Eastern Republic of India Act, 1972: There is no such act called the 'North Eastern Republic of India Act'.
- Option 3: North Eastern Retention (Reconstruction) Act, 1971: There is no historical record of an act with this name concerning the reorganisation of the North East.
- Option 4: North Eastern Region New State Act, 1972: While 1972 is the year the states were formed, the specific Act responsible is the 1971 Reorganisation Act. There isn't a widely recognised act titled 'North Eastern Region New State Act, 1972' that granted statehood to these three specific states.
Therefore, the North Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) Act, 1971, is the legislation responsible for granting statehood to Manipur, Meghalaya, and Tripura.
Revision Table: Status of North Eastern States
| Region | Status Before 1972 (under 1971 Act) | Status After 1972 (under 1971 Act) |
|---|---|---|
| Manipur | Union Territory | State |
| Meghalaya | Autonomous State (within Assam) | State |
| Tripura | Union Territory | State |
| Mizoram | Part of Assam (Mizo Hills District) | Union Territory |
| Arunachal Pradesh | Part of Assam (NEFA) | Union Territory |
Additional Information on North Eastern Reorganisation
The reorganisation of the North Eastern region was a complex process aimed at fulfilling the aspirations of various ethnic groups and improving administration. Here are some additional points:
- Meghalaya was initially created as an autonomous state within Assam in 1970 before becoming a full state in 1972 under the 1971 Act.
- Arunachal Pradesh was known as the North-East Frontier Agency (NEFA) before being renamed and becoming a Union Territory in 1972. It later became a state in 1987.
- Mizoram was earlier the Mizo Hills district of Assam and became a Union Territory in 1972. It also attained statehood in 1987.
- Nagaland became a state earlier, in 1963. Assam's boundaries were also significantly altered by the 1971 Act and subsequent changes.
Understanding the North Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) Act, 1971, is key to comprehending the modern political structure of India's North East.
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