Let's analyze the question about the alternative name for Elephanta Island, which is famous for its caves located off the coast of Mumbai.

The question asks for another name by which Elephanta Island is known. Elephanta Island is a significant historical and archaeological site, primarily recognized for its rock-cut cave temples dedicated primarily to the Hindu god Shiva. These Elephanta Caves are a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a popular tourist destination near Mumbai.

To find the alternative name, let's look at the options provided:

• Marleshwar
• Ranjangaon
• Jejuri
• Gharapuri

We need to determine which of these names is also used to refer to Elephanta Island.

Understanding Elephanta Island and its Names

Historically, Elephanta Island was known by a different name by the local population before the Portuguese arrived. The Portuguese named the island "Elephanta" after they found a large stone elephant sculpture there. However, the original name used by the locals was tied to the island's geography or history.

Let's examine the options in the context of locations and historical names:

• Marleshwar: This is a place in Maharashtra known for a cave temple of Shiva, but it is located inland in the Konkan region, not an island off Mumbai.
• Ranjangaon: This is one of the Ashtavinayak temples of Lord Ganesha in Maharashtra, located near Pune, far from Mumbai's coast.
• Jejuri: This town is famous for the temple of Khandoba, located in Maharashtra, south-east of Pune, also not Elephanta Island.
• Gharapuri: Historical records and local tradition indicate that the original name of Elephanta Island was Gharapuri. The term 'Gharapuri' is believed to mean "city of caves" or "city of cleanings," fitting the description of the island with its famous rock-cut caves.

Based on historical information, Gharapuri is the traditional and alternative name for Elephanta Island.

Identifying the Correct Alternative Name

Comparing the options with the known historical names and locations, it is clear that Gharapuri is the alternative name specifically associated with Elephanta Island off the coast of Mumbai, famous for its caves.

The other options, Marleshwar, Ranjangaon, and Jejuri, are important religious sites in Maharashtra but are not alternative names for Elephanta Island.

Conclusion

The island off the coast of Mumbai known as Elephanta Island, famous for its caves, is also historically known as Gharapuri.

Let's summarize the findings:

Therefore, the correct answer is Gharapuri.

Revision Table: Elephanta Island Facts

Additional Information on Gharapuri and Elephanta Caves

The Elephanta Caves date back primarily to the 5th to 8th centuries. The main cave contains impressive sculptures, including the famous Trimurti sculpture of Shiva (representing Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva). The name Gharapuri is thought to predate the Portuguese arrival and reflects the island's significance as a site with remarkable rock architecture, the "city of caves." The island remains a vital link to the artistic and religious history of the region near Mumbai.