The elected President of the All India Kisan Sabha, which met in Vijayawada (1944), was ________.
Sahajananda Saraswati
The question asks about the elected President of the All India Kisan Sabha meeting held in Vijayawada in 1944. The All India Kisan Sabha was a significant peasant organization formed in India during the freedom struggle to address the grievances of farmers and advocate for their rights.
Understanding the All India Kisan Sabha
The All India Kisan Sabha (AIKS) was founded in 1936 at Lucknow. It brought together various provincial peasant organizations under one umbrella. The main objectives of the AIKS included:
- Abolition of the Zamindari system.
- Reduction of land revenue and rent.
- Providing security of tenure for tenants.
- Cancellation of debts of peasants.
Prominent leaders associated with the formation and activities of the AIKS included Swami Sahajanand Saraswati, N.G. Ranga, Indulal Yagnik, and others. Swami Sahajanand Saraswati served as the first President, and N.G. Ranga was the first General Secretary.
All India Kisan Sabha Session in Vijayawada (1944)
The AIKS held several sessions over the years at different locations, discussing issues pertinent to the peasant movement and charting their course of action. The session held in Vijayawada in 1944 was one such important gathering. These sessions involved electing leaders, passing resolutions, and mobilizing farmers across the country.
President of the 1944 Vijayawada Session
Historical records indicate that Swami Sahajanand Saraswati was a towering figure in the Indian peasant movement and played a crucial role in the leadership of the All India Kisan Sabha for many years. He presided over several annual sessions of the organization.
Specifically, the elected President of the All India Kisan Sabha's session held in Vijayawada in 1944 was Swami Sahajanand Saraswati.
Analysing the Options
Let's briefly look at the individuals mentioned in the options:
- Sahajananda Saraswati: A prominent leader of the Kisan movement and a key figure in the AIKS. He was the president of the 1944 Vijayawada session.
- Vinoba Bhave: A disciple of Mahatma Gandhi, known for the Bhoodan movement (land gift movement). While involved in social reform, he was not directly associated with the leadership of the AIKS in this capacity.
- Achyut Rao Patwardhan: A socialist leader and freedom fighter, part of the Congress Socialist Party. He was not the president of the 1944 AIKS session.
- Narendra Dev: Also a prominent socialist leader and co-founder of the Congress Socialist Party. While sympathetic to the cause of farmers, he was not the elected president of the 1944 Vijayawada session of the AIKS.
Based on historical facts, Swami Sahajanand Saraswati was indeed the president of the All India Kisan Sabha session in Vijayawada in 1944.
Revision Table: Key AIKS Sessions and Presidents
| Year | Location | President |
|---|---|---|
| 1936 | Lucknow | Swami Sahajanand Saraswati |
| 1938 | Comilla | Indulal Yagnik |
| 1939 | Gaya | N.G. Ranga |
| 1940 | Palasa | Swami Sahajanand Saraswati |
| 1942 | Bhakna Kalan | Swami Sahajanand Saraswati |
| 1944 | Vijayawada | Swami Sahajanand Saraswati |
| 1945-46 | Netrakona | Swami Sahajanand Saraswati |
Additional Information: Peasant Movements in India
Peasant movements were crucial during the British colonial period and post-independence. These movements often arose due to:
- Exploitative land revenue policies.
- High rents and illegal cesses imposed by landlords.
- Indebtedness.
- Lack of security of tenure.
The All India Kisan Sabha provided a unified platform for these movements, articulating the demands of peasants at a national level and advocating for land reforms and better living conditions for farmers. Leaders like Swami Sahajanand Saraswati played a vital role in organizing and mobilizing the rural masses against exploitation.
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